Browsing: I
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IAB |
Internet Architecture
Board. Board of internetwork
researchers who discuss issues pertinent to Internet architecture.
Responsible for appointing a variety of Internet-related groups such
as the IANA, IESG, and IRSG. The IAB is appointed by the trustees of
the ISOC. See also
IANA,
IESG,
IRSG,
and ISOC.
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IANA |
Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority. Organization
operated under the auspices of the ISOC as a part of the IAB. IANA
delegates authority for IP address-space allocation and domain-name
assignment to the NIC and other organizations. IANA also maintains a
database of assigned protocol identifiers used in the TCP/IP stack,
including autonomous system numbers. See also
IAB,
ISOC,
and NIC.
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ICC |
IDF that connects the horizontal
cross-connect to the main cross-connect. See
horizontal
cross-connect. See
main
cross-connect.
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ICD |
International Code Designator. One of two ATM address
formats developed by the ATM Forum for use by private networks.
Adapted from the subnetwork model of addressing in which the ATM
layer is responsible for mapping network layer addresses to ATM
addresses. See also
DCC.
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ICMP |
Internet Control Message Protocol. Network layer Internet
protocol that reports errors and provides other information relevant
to IP packet processing. Documented in RFC 792.
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ICMP Router Discovery Protocol |
See
IRDP.
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Identification, Flags, Frag Offset |
Field within an IP datagram that provides fragmentation of datagrams
to allow differing MTUs in the internet.
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IDF |
Intermediate distribution facility. Secondary
communications room for a building using a star networking topology.
The IDF is dependent on the MDF. See also
MDF
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IDI |
Inter-Domain ID (IDI) is a NSAP address field that identifies the
domain. See also NSAD Address.
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IDN |
International Data Number. See
X.121.
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IDP |
Inter-Domain Part (IDP) is a NSAP address field that consists of the
AFI and IDI together. This is roughly equivalent to a classful IP
network, in decimal format. See also
NSAD Address.
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IDPR |
Interdomain Policy Routing. Interdomain routing protocol
that dynamically exchanges policies between autonomous systems. IDPR
encapsulates interautonomous system traffic and routes it according
to the policies of each autonomous system along the path. IDPR is
currently an IETF proposal. See also
policy routing.
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IDRP |
IS-IS Interdomain Routing Protocol. OSI protocol that
specifies how routers communicate with routers in different domains.
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IEC |
International Electrotechnical Commission. Industry group
that writes and distributes standards for electrical products and
components.
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IEEE |
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
Professional organization whose activities include the development
of communications and network standards. IEEE LAN standards are the
predominant LAN standards today.
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IEEE 802.1 |
IEEE specification that describes an algorithm that prevents
bridging loops by creating a spanning tree. The algorithm was
invented by Digital Equipment Corporation. The Digital algorithm and
the IEEE 802.1 algorithm are not exactly the same, nor are they
compatible. See also
spanning tree,
spanning-tree algorithm, and
Spanning-Tree Protocol.
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IEEE 802.12 |
IEEE LAN standard that specifies the physical layer and the MAC
sublayer of the data link layer. IEEE 802.12 uses the demand
priority media-access scheme at 100 Mbps over a variety of physical
media. See also
100VG-AnyLAN.
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IEEE 802.2 |
IEEE LAN protocol that specifies an implementation of the LLC
sublayer of the data link layer. IEEE 802.2 handles errors, framing,
flow control, and the network layer (Layer 3) service interface.
Used in IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.5 LANs. See also
IEEE 802.3 and
IEEE 802.5.
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IEEE 802.3 |
IEEE LAN protocol that specifies an implementation of the physical
layer and the MAC sublayer of the data link layer. IEEE 802.3 uses
CSMA/CD access at a variety of speeds over a variety of physical
media. Extensions to the IEEE 802.3 standard specify implementations
for Fast Ethernet. Physical variations of the original IEEE 802.3
specification include
10BASE2,
10BASE5,
10BASE-F,
10BASE-T, and
10Broad36. Physical variations for
Fast Ethernet include
100BASE-T,
100BASE-T4, and
100BASE-X.
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IEEE 802.3i
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Physical variation of the original IEEE 802.3 specification that
calls for using Ethernet type signaling over twisted pair networking
media. The standard sets the signaling speed at 10 megabits per
second using a baseband signaling scheme transmitted over twisted
pair cable employing a star or extended star topology. See
10BASE2,
10BASE5,
10BASE-F,
10BASE-T, and
10Broad36.
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IEEE 802.4 |
IEEE LAN protocol that specifies an implementation of the physical
layer and the MAC sublayer of the data link layer. IEEE 802.4 uses
token-passing access over a bus topology and is based on the token
bus LAN architecture. See also
token bus.
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IEEE 802.5 |
IEEE LAN protocol that specifies an implementation of the physical
layer and MAC sublayer of the data link layer. IEEE 802.5 uses token
passing access at 4 or 16 Mbps over STP cabling and is similar to
IBM Token Ring. See also
Token Ring.
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IEEE 802.6 |
IEEE MAN specification based on DQDB technology. IEEE 802.6 supports
data rates of 1.5 to 155 Mbps. See also
DQDB.
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IESG |
Internet Engineering Steering Group. Organization,
appointed by the IAB, that manages the operation of the IETF. See
also IAB and
IETF.
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IETF |
Internet Engineering Task Force. Task force consisting of
over 80 working groups responsible for developing Internet
standards. The IETF operates under the auspices of ISOC. See also
ISOC.
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IFIP |
International Federation for Information Processing.
Research organization that performs OSI prestandardization work.
Among other accomplishments, IFIP formalized the original MHS model.
See also MHS.
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IGMP |
Internet Group Management Protocol. Used by IP
hosts to report their multicast group memberships to an adjacent
multicast router. See also
multicast router.
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IGP |
Interior Gateway Protocol. Internet protocol used to
exchange routing information within an autonomous system. Examples
of common Internet IGPs include IGRP, OSPF, and RIP. See also
IGRP,
OSPF, and
RIP.
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IGRP |
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. IGP developed by Cisco
to address the problems associated with routing in large,
heterogeneous networks. Compare with
Enhanced IGRP. See also
IGP,
OSPF, and
RIP.
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IIH |
Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System Hello (IIH) – Used by
routers to detect neighbors and form adjacencies. In addition to the
IIH, which is an IS-IS protocol data unit (PDU), there is an ISH and
an ESH, which are End System-to-Intermediate System (ES-IS) PDUs.
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IITA |
Information Infrastructure Technology and Applications.
Component of the HPCC program intended to ensure U.S. leadership in
the development of advanced information technologies. See also
HPCC.
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ILMI |
Interim Local Management Interface. Specification developed
by the ATM Forum for incorporating network-management capabilities
into the ATM UNI.
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IMP |
Interface message processor. Old name for ARPANET packet
switches. An IMP is now referred to as a PSN (packet-switch node).
See also
PSN (packet-switch node).
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in-band signaling |
Transmission within a frequency range normally used for information
transmission. Compare with
out-of-band signaling.
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Industry-Standard Architecture |
See
ISA.
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Information Infrastructure Technology and Applications
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See
IITA.
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infrared
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Electromagnetic waves whose frequency range is above that of
microwaves, but below that of the visible spectrum. LAN systems
based on this technology represent an emerging technology.
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initial domain identifier
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See
IDI.
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initial domain part |
See
IDP.
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INOC |
Internet Network Operations Center. BBN group that in the
early days of the Internet monitored and controlled the Internet
core gateways (routers). INOC no longer exists in this form.
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input/output |
See
I/O.
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
See
IEEE.
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insulator |
Any material with a high resistance to electrical current. See
conductor.
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insured burst |
The largest burst of data above the insured rate that will be
temporarily allowed on a PVC and not tagged by the traffic policing
function for dropping in the case of network congestion. The insured
burst is specified in bytes or cells. Compare with
maximum burst. See also
insured rate.
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insured rate |
The long-term data throughput, in bits or cells per second, that an
ATM network commits to support under normal network conditions. The
insured rate is 100 percent allocated; the entire amount is deducted
from the total trunk bandwidth along the path of the circuit.
Compare with
excess rate and
maximum rate. See also
insured burst.
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insured traffic |
Traffic within the insured rate specified for the PVC. This traffic
should not be dropped by the network under normal network
conditions. See also
CLP and
insured rate.
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Integrated IS-IS |
Routing protocol based on the OSI routing protocol IS-IS, but with
support for IP and other protocols. Integrated IS-IS implementations
send only one set of routing updates, making it more efficient than
two separate implementations. Formerly referred to as Dual IS-IS.
Compare with
IS-IS.
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Integrated Services Digital Network |
See
ISDN.
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interarea routing |
Term used to describe routing between two or more logical areas.
Compare with
intra-area routing.
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Interdomain Policy Routing |
See
IDPR.
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interface
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1. Connection between two systems or devices.
2. In routing terminology, a network connection.
3. In telephony, a shared boundary defined by common physical
interconnection characteristics, signal characteristics, and
meanings of interchanged signals.
4. The boundary between adjacent layers of the OSI model.
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interface message processor |
See
IMP.
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interface module
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Combination of a line card and an access card that together allow
you to connect a LightStream 2020 ATM switch to other devices.
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interface processor
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Any of a number of processor modules used in the Cisco 7000 series
routers. See
AIP,
CIP,
EIP,
FEIP,
FIP,
FSIP,
HIP,
MIP,
SIP (Serial Interface Processor),
and
TRIP.
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interference |
Unwanted communication channel noise.
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Interim Local Management Interface |
See
ILMI. |
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Interior Gateway Protocol |
See
IGP.
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Interior Gateway Routing Protocol |
See
IGRP.
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intermediate cross connect |
See
ICC.
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intermediate distribution facility |
See
IDF.
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intermediate routing node |
See
IRN.
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Intermediate Session Routing |
See
ISR.
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intermediate system |
See
IS.
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Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System |
See
IS-IS.
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International Code Designator |
See
ICD.
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International Data Number |
See
X.121.
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International Electrotechnical Commission |
See
IEC.
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International Federation for Information Processing |
See
IFIP.
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International Organization for Standardization
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See
ISO.
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International Standards Organization |
Erroneous expansion of the acronym ISO. See
ISO.
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International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication
Standardization Sector |
See
ITU-T.
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Internet |
Term used to refer to the largest global internetwork, connecting
tens of thousands of networks worldwide and having a "culture" that
focuses on research and standardization based on real-life use. Many
leading-edge network technologies come from the Internet community.
The Internet evolved in part from ARPANET. At one time, called the
DARPA Internet. Not to be confused with the general term
internet. See also ARPANET.
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internet |
Short for internetwork. Not to be confused with the Internet.
See
internetwork.
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Internet Architecture Board |
See
IAB.
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Internet address |
See
IP address.
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Internet Assigned Numbers Authority |
See
IANA.
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Internet Control Message Protocol |
See
ICMP.
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Internet Engineering Steering Group |
See
IESG.
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Internet Engineering Task Force |
See
IETF.
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Internet Group Management Protocol |
See
IGMP.
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Internet Network Operations Center |
See
INOC.
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Internet Protocol
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See
IP.
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Internet protocol |
Any protocol that is part of the TCP/IP protocol stack. See
TCP/IP.
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Internet Research Steering Group |
See
IRSG.
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Internet Research Task Force |
See
IRTF.
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Internet Society
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See
ISOC.
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internetwork |
Collection of networks interconnected by routers and other devices
that functions (generally) as a single network. Sometimes called an
internet, which is not to be confused with the Internet.
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internetworking |
General term used to refer to the industry that has arisen around
the problem of connecting networks together. The term can refer to
products, procedures, and technologies.
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Internetwork Packet Exchange |
See
IPX.
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interNIC |
Organization that serves the Internet community by supplying user
assistance, documentation, training, registration service for
Internet domain names, and other services. Formerly called Network
Information Center (NIC).
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interoperability |
Ability of computing equipment manufactured by different vendors to
communicate with one another successfully over a network.
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Inter-Switching System Interface |
See
ISSI.
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intra-area routing |
Term used to describe routing within a logical area. Compare with
interarea routing.
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Inverse Address Resolution Protocol |
See
Inverse ARP.
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Inverse ARP |
Inverse Address Resolution Protocol. Method of building
dynamic routes in a network. Allows an access server to discover the
network address of a device associated with a virtual circuit.
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I/O |
input/output.
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IOS
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See
Cisco IOS software.
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IP |
Internet Protocol. Network layer protocol in the TCP/IP
stack offering a connectionless internetwork service. IP provides
features for addressing, type-of-service specification,
fragmentation and reassembly, and security. Documented in RFC 791.
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IP
access-group |
Command that links an existing access list to an outbound interface.
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IP address |
1.) 32-bit address assigned to hosts using TCP/IP. An IP address
belongs to one of five classes (A, B, C, D, or E) and is written as
4 octets separated with periods (dotted decimal format). Each
address consists of a network number, an optional subnetwork number,
and a host number. The network and subnetwork numbers together are
used for routing, while the host number is used to address an
individual host within the network or subnetwork. A subnet mask is
used to extract network and subnetwork information from the IP
address. Also called an Internet address. 2.) Command used to
establish the logical network address of this interface. See also
IP and subnet
mask.
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IP datagram |
Fundamental unit of information passed across the Internet. Contains
source and destination addresses along with data and a number of
fields that define such things as the length of the datagram, the
header checksum, and flags to indicate whether the datagram can be
(or was) fragmented.
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IP host |
Command used to make a static name-to-address entry in the router’s
configuration file.
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IP multicast |
Routing technique that allows IP traffic to be propagated from one
source to a number of destinations or from many sources to many
destinations. Rather than sending one packet to each destination,
one packet is sent to a multicast group identified by a single IP
destination group address.
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IP name-server |
Command used to define which hosts can provide the name service.
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IP options |
Field within an IP datagram that deals with network testing,
debugging, security, and others.
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IP Security Option |
See
IPSO.
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IPSO |
IP Security Option. U.S. government specification that
defines an optional field in the IP packet header that defines
hierarchical packet security levels on a per interface basis.
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IPV6 |
IP version 6. Replacement for the current version of IP (version 4).
IPv6 includes support for flow ID in the packet header, which can be
used to identify flows. Formerly called IPng (IP next generation).
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IPX |
Internetwork Packet Exchange. NetWare network layer (Layer
3) protocol used for transferring data from servers to workstations.
IPX is similar to IP and XNS.
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IPXWAN |
Protocol that negotiates end-to-end options for new links. When a
link comes up, the first IPX packets sent across are IPXWAN packets
negotiating the options for the link. When the IPXWAN options have
been successfully determined, normal IPX transmission begins.
Defined by RFC 1362.
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IRDP |
ICMP Router Discovery Protocol. Enables a host to determine
the address of a router that it can use as a default gateway.
Similar to ESIS, but used with IP. See also
ES-IS.
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IRN |
Intermediate routing node. In SNA, a subarea node with
intermediate routing capability.
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IRSG |
Internet Research Steering Group. Group that is part of the
IAB and oversees the activities of the IRTF. See also
IAB and
IRTF.
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IRTF |
Internet Research Task Force. Community of network experts
that consider Internet-related research topics. The IRTF is governed
by the IRSG and is considered a subsidiary of the IAB. See also
IAB and IRSG.
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IS |
Intermediate system (IS) refers to a router which participates in
routing IS-IS information. See also ES,
ES-IS,
IS-IS. |
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ISA |
Industry-Standard Architecture. 16-bit bus used for
Intel-based personal computers. See also
EISA.
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isarithmic flow control |
Flow control technique in which permits travel through the network.
Possession of these permits grants the right to transmit. Isarithmic
flow control is not commonly implemented.
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ISDN |
Integrated Services Digital Network. Communication
protocol, offered by telephone companies, that permits telephone
networks to carry data, voice, and other source traffic. See also
BISDN,
BRI,
N-ISDN, and
PRI.
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ISH |
Intermediate System Hello (ISH) packets are a type of a hello
packet. ISH is part of the ES-IS spec 9542; similar to IRDP in
TCP/IP; used for ISs and ESs to detect each other. ISH packets are
sent out to all IS-IS-enabled interfaces. On LANs they are sent out
periodically, destined to a special multicast address. Routers will
become neighbors when they see themselves in their neighbor's hello
packets and link authentication information matches.
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IS-IS |
Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System. OSI link-state
hierarchical routing protocol based on DECnet Phase V routing
whereby ISs (routers) exchange routing information based on a single
metric to determine network topology. Compare with
Integrated IS-IS. See also
ES-IS and
OSPF.
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IS-IS Hello |
See
IIH.
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IS-IS Interdomain Routing Protocol |
See
IDRP.
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ISO |
International Organization for Standardization.
International organization that is responsible for a wide range of
standards, including those relevant to networking. ISO developed the
OSI reference model, a popular networking reference model.
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ISO 3309 |
HDLC procedures developed by ISO. ISO 3309:1979 specifies the HDLC
frame structure for use in synchronous environments. ISO 3309:1984
specifies proposed modifications to allow the use of HDLC in
asynchronous environments as well.
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ISO 9000 |
Set of international quality-management standards defined by ISO.
The standards, which are not specific to any country, industry, or
product, allow companies to demonstrate that they have specific
processes in place to maintain an efficient quality system.
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ISOC |
Internet Society. International nonprofit organization,
founded in 1992, that coordinates the evolution and use of the
Internet. In addition, ISOC delegates authority to other groups
related to the Internet, such as the IAB. ISOC is headquartered in
Reston, Virginia, U.S.A. See also
IAB.
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isochronous transmission |
Asynchronous transmission over a synchronous data link. Isochronous
signals require a constant bit rate for reliable transport. Compare
with
asynchronous transmission,
plesiochronous transmission, and
synchronous transmission.
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ISODE |
ISO development environment. Large set of libraries and
utilities used to develop upper-layer OSI protocols and
applications.
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ISO development environment
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See
ISODE.
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ISR |
Intermediate Session Routing. Initial routing algorithm
used in APPN. ISR provides node-to-node connection-oriented routing.
Network outages cause sessions to fail because ISR cannot provide
nondisruptive rerouting around a failure. ISR has been replaced by
HPR. Compare with
HPR. See also
APPN.
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ISSI |
Inter-Switching System Interface. Standard interface
between SMDS switches.
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ITU-T |
International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication
Standardization Sector (ITU-T) (formerly the Committee for
Internatiional Telegraph and Telephone ([CCITT]). An international
organization that develops communication standards. See also
CCITT.
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